Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological condition that makes movement challenging. Managing this condition involves taking various medications and getting regular exercise. While there is no specific diet for Parkinson's disease, it does play a role as some foods can interfere with the absorption of the medications. In addition, Parkinson's disease can make eating difficult and planning meals out carefully can make a difference.
Identification
Parkinson's disease occurs when the cells in the brain that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine, become damaged. When not enough dopamine is available movement becomes difficult and uncoordinated and symptoms, such as rigidity, tremors, loss of balance and many others, can occur. For some patients chewing and swallowing also becomes difficult, states the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and both the disease and medications can cause constipation. While medication and exercise are the main treatment options, diet plays a role as well.
Warnings
The medication levodopa is commonly prescribed for Parkinson's patients and it works by mimicking the action of dopamine in the body. However, some patients find that high protein meals interfere with the absorption of levodopa, making the medication less effective. If this occurs, the Parkinson's Disease Foundation, suggests limiting high protein foods, such as meat, fish, poultry and dairy products, to just one serving size per meal, which is about the size of a deck of cards. It may also be necessary to avoid protein intake for at least 30 minutes prior to taking medication. It is not recommended to eat a low protein diet as this will rob the body of nutrients it needs.
Calcium and Vitamin D
All Parkinson's patients need to eat a well balanced diet that contains a wide variety of foods to get the nutrients the body needs. In addition, getting enough calcium and vitamin D is important because those with Parkinson's are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis, warns the Parkinson's Disease Foundation. Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones become frail. This is a concern because Parkinson's disease causes a loss of balance and falling on weak bones can lead to a disabling fracture. The bones of the jaw and gum can also be affected which can result in a loss of teeth, making eating even more difficult. For those age 50 and older, the goal is to get 1,500 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D daily and low-fat dairy products are high in both.
High Fiber Foods
Parkinson's disease makes it difficult for the muscles of the body to contract properly and this includes the muscles of the intestines. When the intestinal muscles do not work properly, constipation can occur. Adding to this, common medications used to treat this disease can cause dehydration, which also hinders the bowels' ability to move food through properly. Given the above, the National Parkinson Foundation recommends getting plenty of water which should be consumed throughout the day. The goal is to aim for at least six to eight glasses a day. Including high fiber foods such as fruits and vegetables, whole grain products and beans also helps to keep the bowels regular. Try for between 20 to 30 g of fiber per day.
Considerations
The tremors and difficulty chewing and swallowing that occur with Parkinson's disease can make it hard to eat. Plan meals out and prepare foods so that they are softer and in small bite sizes to make the food easier to handle and chew. For those with severe tremors, there are adaptive eating utensils, plates and cups that can reduce the chances of spilling and dropping food. Since Parkinson's disease affects each person differently, the best bet is to meet with registered dietitian who can formulate a meal plan that is healthy and addresses the many needs of those with PD.
