Elderberry, or elder, has many different species, but European elder, or Sambucus nigra, is the the elder species most often used for medicinal purposes, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Dwarf elder, or Samucus ebulus, is toxic and should be avoided. Elderberry is usually taken as a supplement in extract form and has several beneficial properties associated with its use.
Respiratory
Elderberry is a popular cold and flu remedy and, according to the University of Minnesota, may help improve immune function, and elderberry extract can lower respiratory tract symptoms in people with colds. UMMC states that the chemicals in the elder flower and berries may help reduce swelling in mucous membranes, helping to relieve sinus congestion. Elderberry may help to reduce the symptoms of cold and flu in some people by reducing congestion.
Laxative and Diuretic
Raw elderberries have diuretic and laxative properties, according to the Herbal Information Center. The NYU Langone Medical Center states that Native Americans once used aged elderberry bark as a laxative. However, the HIC writes that elderberry seeds are toxic and may cause vomiting and nausea. Remember to use a trusted source of elderberry and talk to your health care provider before using supplements, as they may interact with other supplements or prescription drugs.
Nutritious
The fruits of the elderberry plant contain large amounts of vitamins A, B, C and B6 and contain flavonoids and carotenoids, which both have antioxidant properties and help to prevent damage to your cells. Elderberries are a good source of calcium and iron and contain sterols, tannins and essential oils. According to UMMC, elderberry should not be eaten raw, as it contains an unsafe chemical similar to that of cyanide.
Anti-Inflammatory
According to the HIC, elderberry reduces inflammation in the bladder and urinary tract. Elderberry also relieves acne, eczema and psoriasis. The anti-inflammatory properties of elderberry can be attributed to the fruits, which contain tannins and viburnic acid, according to Purdue University.
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