Cirrhosis is a type of liver disease caused by chronic injury leading to an increase in scar tissue. The scar tissue partially blocks the flow of blood and decreases the liver's ability to fight infection, process nutrients, make proteins and produce bile. Malnutrition is very common in people with cirrhosis, and a healthy diet that adequately meets calorie and nutrient needs is recommended. In addition, sodium may need to be restricted if you have issues with fluid retention.
Breads, Grains and Starches
Calorie needs are significantly increased in people with cirrhosis. Breads, grains and starches act as a healthy source of calories and energy. The amount you need depends on your calorie needs, which can range from 2,000 to 3,000 calories a day depending on your weight and severity of malnutrition. To maximize your nutrient intake, choose more whole-grain breads, grains and starches, which contain more fiber and natural vitamins and minerals. Healthy choices include whole wheat bread, whole grain pasta, brown rice, whole grain cereal and low-sodium crackers. If you have issues with fluid retention, choose foods with a low-sodium content. Your total sodium intake should be less than 2,000 mg a day, according to the Veterans Administration.
Fruits and Vegetables
Fruits and vegetables provide your body with important vitamins and minerals such as vitamin C, vitamin A, folate and potassium. However, fruits and vegetables are also low in calories, so choose high-calorie fruits and vegetables to maximize your calorie intake, such as canned fruit packed in heavy syrup; dried fruit; starchy vegetables like potatoes, peas and corn; and vegetables cooked in oil or low-sodium margarine.
Meat and Beans
Protein needs are also significantly increased in people with cirrhosis, and could be as high as 1.2 to 1.5 times above your normal needs, according to the authors of "Krause's Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy." Meat and meat substitutes provide your body with high-quality proteins, meaning they contain all of the essential amino acids. Choose more fresh meats to limit your sodium intake. Healthy choices include fresh poultry, fish, beef, pork and lamb. Healthy meat substitutes choices for individuals with cirrhosis include eggs, nuts, nut butters, tofu and legumes.
Dairy Foods
Dairy foods also act as a good source of protein. In addition, foods like milk may make it easier for you to meet your caloric needs because it can be easier to drink calories than eat calories. Healthy dairy food choices include milk and yogurt. Without adequate bile production, you may have difficulty tolerating full-fat dairy foods and may need to drink low-fat milk and eat low-fat yogurt products. Cheese is high in sodium and may need to be avoided if you have issues with fluid retention.
References
- "Krause's Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy"; L. Kathleen Mahan, M.S., R.D., C.D.E., Sylvia Escott-Stump. M.A. R.D.; 1996
- NIDDK: Cirrhosis
- U.S. Department of Veteran's Affairs: Eating Tips for People with Cirrhosis
- MyPyramid.gov: Inside the Pyramid
