Fish oil, recognized for its use in preventing heart disease and decreasing cholesterol levels, has also been tested for use in various eye conditions. Fish oil contains two omega-3 fatty acids, DHA and EPA. Some eye conditions benefit more from one than the other. Always discuss taking supplements with your medical practitioner before taking them, since even over-the-counter supplements can have serious side effects.
Types
Fish oil has been used, with varying success, to treat a number of eye conditions, including macular degeneration, dry eye, glaucoma and cataracts. Some infant formulas also contain DHA, which has shown some benefit for premature infants.
Mechanism
One of the fatty acids in fish, DHA, is found in high concentrations in the retina of the eye and appears to play an essential part in retinal functioning. Fish oil also acts as a blood thinner, which may increase blood flow to the eye and also reduces swelling and inflammation.
Studies
In clinical trials, fish oil is listed as being possibly effective for treating dry eye syndrome in women by MedlinePlus. Medline Plus also states that insufficient evidence exists for using fish oil to treat cataracts, but that eating fish three times a week may decrease cataract formation. A 2010 Wilmer Eye Institute study found that people who ate more fish high in omega-3 fatty acids had a lower risk of developing advanced macular degeneration. A National Eye Institute study found that eating large amounts of omega-3 fatty acids reduced the risk of developing macular degeneration by 30 percent. Premature infants fed formula containing DHA had better visual acuity at ages two and four months than those whose formula did not contain DHA.
Risks
Because fish oils can act as a blood thinner, people who take anticoagulants or who have pre-existing blood clotting disorders should not take fish oil supplements without discussing their use with their medical practitioner. This most often occurs at doses of 3 g per day or higher, according to MedlinePlus. Potential side effects include easy bruising and nosebleeds. Other side effects include nausea, diarrhea, bad breath, fishy burps and heartburn.
Considerations
Fish oil appears to benefit the eyes in a number of ways, but don't rely on supplements, even fish oil, to keep your eyes healthy. Any change in vision needs immediate investigation by an ophthalmologist, since some serious eye problems can develop suddenly. Treating yourself with supplements without seeing your medical practitioner is never a good idea.
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