Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers, are areas of damaged skin and tissue that are the result of sustained pressure and poor circulation in vulnerable parts of the body, most commonly the buttocks, hips and heels. Anyone who is bedridden or unable to change positions often enough is at risk. Pressure ulcers develop and progress quickly and are very difficult to heal, so it is important to follow a particular diet to promote the healing process.
Stages
Depending on the degree of damage to the skin, bedsores can fall unto one of four stages. Ulcers are labeled stage one when the skin is red and itchy; it may hurt and feel warm to the touch. In stage two ulcers, skin loss has occurred in the epidermis, dermis or both. Now an open sore is present that looks like a blister and is surrounded by red or purple skin. In stage three, the damage has reached the tissue below the skin, forming a wound that looks like a crater. Stage four bedsores are characterized by large-scale loss of skin tissue and damage to the muscle, bone and even tendons and joints in some cases.
Treatments
The way to treat these ulcers is to relieve some of the pressure by changing position often, at least every hour, and use support surfaces like cushions, pads and specialty mattresses. It is also very important to clean and remove any damaged or dead skin so that the wound can heal properly. Wounds need to be free of dead skin in order to heal adequately. Most importantly, however, you should consume a diet that is rich in calories (the American Dietetic Association recommends 30-35 calories per kilogram of weight), protein, vitamins and minerals (especially vitamin C) and zinc to encourage healing and protect the integrity of the skin and prevent future abrasions.
What to Eat
The American Dietetic Association recommends the daily diet include two or three servings of meat, poultry, fish, or eggs or another protein like beans or tofu; two or three servings of milk and milk products like yogurts or cheese; six to 11 servings of grains like breads, pasta, cereals or rice; five or six servings of fruits and vegetables; and plenty of healthy fats and oils like polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fats. These include olive oils, canola oils and sunflower seed oils.
Other Guidelines
Try to eat fresh products as much as you can. Also, try to eat five or six smaller meals throughout the day instead of two or three larger ones to optimize your appetite and ensure you are taking in adequate amounts of calories. If your appetite is not strong, try to avoid drinking fluids during meals as these can fill you up. If you are having difficulty swallowing, you may try softer foods or pureeing foods you like. Finally, if possible, try to exercise at least 15 minutes a day, as this can greatly increase your circulation.
Calorie and Protein Supplements
When you are trying to optimize wound healing, your body needs all the calories and protein it can get, as it is trying not only to repair damaged tissue but also to create new tissue. Thus you may want to take a high-protein, high-calorie supplement between meals to help increase your intake. If these supplements are not available or you don't like them, another way to increase protein and calorie intake is to mix a tablespoon of protein powder into foods like yogurts, smoothies, soups and sauces.
Member Comments