Iodine is a trace mineral essential for normal functioning of the cellular metabolic processes and for thyroid gland activity. However, excess of iodine can lead to elevated levels of thyroid stimulating hormone in the blood causing conditions such as hypothyroidism, goiter and thyroid cancer. A low-iodine diet aims to reduce daily iodine intake to less than 50 mcg and may be prescribed to especially to thyroid cancer patients improve the effectiveness of radiation therapy. Although certain foods generally contain low levels of iodine, it is important to check the labels as individual brands may vary in their iodine content.
Fruits and Vegetables
Fruits and vegetables are good sources of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants and should be included as part of every diet. According to the Thyroid Cancer Survivors Association, most fruits and fruits juices can be part of a low-iodine diet. The only exceptions are rhubarb and products containing maraschino cherries with red dye #3. Like fruits, most raw, fresh cooked, or unsalted frozen vegetables are also low in iodine content. Certain beans such as lima, pinto and red kidney; potato skins; and soybeans should be avoided.
Unsalted Nuts
Several salts available in the markets contain iodine and hence, should be avoided. However, unsalted nuts and nut butters are good sources of several essential fatty acids and proteins and can be included as part of a low-iodine diet, according to the Thyroid Cancer Survivors Association.
Whole Grains
Whole wheat, rye and cracked wheat breads, cereals and pastas are some fiber-rich healthy foods that contain low levels of iodine. However, Nevada Thyroid Institute recommends against the intake of cereals containing red dyes, chocolates or molasses; pancake and muffin mixes and breads with iodate-dough conditioners. It is best to talk to the local baker about the type of ingredients used to make the bread.
Meats
Most meats contain some iodine and limiting your intake to about 5 oz. of fresh meat per day, according to the Thyroid Cancer Survivors Society, can be a healthy choice for low-iodine diet patients. It is also important to use non-iodised salts to cook any meat dishes. Fish and shellfish should also be avoided as they contain high amounts of iodine.
Beverages
Most beverages including tea, coffee, lemonade, fruit juices and sodas are allowed as part of a low-iodine diet. The New York Thyroid Center, however, states that although patients may include milk in tea, coffee or cereal, it is beneficial to limit the intake to less than 8 oz. per day.
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