One of the most closely watched topics in the sports world today is the dramatic rise in heat-related illness and even death that have occurred across all levels of competitive athletics. The fallout from the newest bane on the sports world has included rule changes for offseason and in-season workouts, strictly enforced training hydration rules, and the banning of numerous substances. Football has been a particular target for changes because football players are more likely to suffer these kinds of heath problems due to their size, the equipment and the heat during long practices.
Heat Exhaustion Causes
MayoClinic.com defines heat exhaustion as one of the moderate heat syndromes. More serious than heat cramps, yet much less serious than heatstroke, which can kill, heat exhaustion is preventable. Typically heat exhaustion is caused by exposure to high temperatures, especially during physical activity. Typically our body cools itself through sweating, but when our body gets too hot, sweating is not enough to cool our core temperature. The ability to cool yourself can be hampered by excess padding or overdressing, which is most common in football because athletes wear several pounds of extra gear.
Symptoms
The first sign of heat exhaustion is a high level of sweating. These signs can come over an athlete quickly. The athlete will become nauseous, and may pass out or collapse. Players may complain of muscle cramping. They will be dizzy and tired. Their skin will be cool to the touch without any color. The player will be lethargic and lack energy, but the heartrate will be accelerated.
Treatments
The most important thing to do is get the person out of the sun and into the shade. If at all possible get them into an air conditioned room. MayoClinic.com says that elevating the feet is another important aspect of treating heat exhaustion. Pads should be removed and clothing should be loosened or removed as well. Cold water or a sports drink high in electrolytes should be consumed. If the person is too weak to drink, he should be taken to the hospital for intravenous fluids. Covering the body with ice packs or sitting in an ice bath can quickly bring down the body temperature. The person should be monitored closely to ensure that the problem does not progress to heatstroke.
Prevention
Heat exhaustion can be prevented by taking a few precautions. Make sure whenever possible your clothing is loose fitting and lightweight. Always drink fluid before, during, and after exercise, especially if performed in hot weather. Know what you are putting in your body. Some medications and supplements contain substances such as ephedra, which can increase the risk of heat-related illnesses. If you can find shade during your workouts outside, use it as much as possible or step into an air conditioned room occasionally to cool off. Lastly, get acclimated to the heat before you begin a strenuous workout routine outside. Spending small amounts of time in the heat, and increasing the amount of time spent in that environment, can help your body adapt to the conditions.
