Vitamin D is a cofactor of calcium absorption as well as a modulatory agent for blood serum calcium and phosphorus, according MedlinePlus.com. Appearing in dairy produces like fortified milk, butter, cream and cheese as well as fortified cereals, fish, margarine, cod liver oil and oysters, the body also produces vitamin D naturally in response to sun exposure. Ten consecutive minutes per day is adequate sun exposure to produce the necessary amount of vitamin D.
Rickets
Vitamin D deficiency in children can cause rickets, a condition whereby bones do not contain enough calcium, causing growth retardation and skeletal deformities, according to Michael Holick, Ph.D., M.D. in "Vitamin D: Molecular Biology, Physiology and Clinical Applications." Similar effects include hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism, resulting in further skeletal mineralization defects such as bowed legs and knock knees. Although it was a widespread problem in the early 1900's, the FDA has since ordained that food producers fortify common foods, like breads and milk, with vitamin D, greatly reducing the problem.
Osteomalacia
Vitamin D deficiencies can cause osteomalacia in adults, which is gradual bone loss resulting from difficulties in intestinal calcium absorption and hyperparathyroidism. Osteomalacia can result in bone pain, more frequent fractures and breakages. It can also progress into osteoporosis, whereby the bones can deform in addition to exhibiting frequent fractures and breakages.
Less Serious and Long-Term Effects
Less serious vitamin D deficiencies result in likewise less serious side effects that usually cease soon following correction of the deficiency. These symptoms include an oral and esophageal burning sensation, insomnia, loss of appetite, weight loss, visual issues and diarrhea. Long-term vitamin D deficiencies can render you more susceptible to colon cancer, coronary artery disease, decreased coordination and muscle strength, prostate cancer, diabetes and bone loss. `
References
- "Prescription for Nutritional Healing"; Phyllis A. Balch; 2006
- "Vitamin D: Molecular Biology, Physiology and Clinical Applications"; Michael F. Holick; 1999
- MedlinePlus: Vitamin D
- MayoClinic.com: Vitamin D
- "Vitamin D: New Research"; Veronica D. Stolzt; 2006
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