Heatstroke often results from performing heavy work or exercise in a hot environment. At the same time, people who suffer heatstroke are not getting adequate fluids. Those most at risk for developing heatstroke include people who are obese, the elderly, children and those with sweat-related abnormalities. Alcoholism, certain medications and cardiovascular disease also can play a role in the onset of heatstroke.
Muscle Cramps
Dehydration that occurs in the early stages of heatstroke causes muscle cramps and weakness. Often people notice the cramping while they still are undergoing heat exhaustion and can take precautions to avoid heatstroke. The danger of not hydrating and cooling the body off when muscle cramps first appear is that the symptoms will worsen and lead to the more serious, possibly permanent dangers associated with heatstroke, report doctors at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Lost Temperature Controls
The body's normal temperature controls become imbalanced and stop working properly when heatstroke happens. The body's temperature elevates to temperatures near 104 degrees Fahrenheit, the main sign of heatstroke. Sweating, which is the mechanism that cools the body when it becomes hot, ceases. When temperature controls are lost, the organs can begin to swell, putting the patient in danger of dying.
Mental Confusion
People in the midst of heatstroke can become disoriented and confused. They may feel lightheaded and disoriented and lose the ability to make good judgments about their condition. Irritability usually accompanies the confusion. Some people slur their speech and have difficulty understanding what others are saying. The confusion often presents as visual hallucinations, report Mayo Clinic doctors. Permanent brain damage can result if the danger is not managed immediately.
Fainting
Untreated, heatstroke can lead to unconsciousness. Fainting and dizziness is common when older adults are stricken by heatstroke. Seizures can lead to unconsciousness and coma.
Blood Pressure Changes
Blood pressure levels change and can become higher or lower than normal. The increased heat places stress on the heart, which reacts with abnormal blood pressure and heart rate.
As a result, many people experience throbbing headaches, rapid heartbeat and shallow breathing. They often become nauseated as well. The skin becomes red and flushed because of the heat and the changes in blood flow.
Shock
Left untreated, a person with heatstroke can go into shock. Shock happens when blood pressure becomes very low and the lips and nails turn blue. The skin goes from being very hot to feeling cool and clammy. Organ damage can result if shock is not treated quickly.
