Asthma is a chronic lung disease in which the airways become narrow, making it difficult to breathe. While the cause of asthma remains unknown, certain triggers can make symptoms worse in people with the condition. For those with exercise-induced asthma, strenuous physical activity like running or playing sports acts as a trigger for acute attacks. Learning about the treatments and preventions for exercise-induced asthma attacks allows patients to reduce the risk for complications.
Identification
Certain triggers cause the airways of people with asthma to produce excess mucus and tighten, resulting in inflammation and an acute attack. According to the Merck Online Medical Library, mast cells in the airway are thought to set asthma attacks in motion by inducing inflammation and other immune-mediated processes.
Exercise is one of many potential triggers for people with asthma. Others include allergens like pollen and dust, certain foods, medications and extreme emotional states.
Symptoms
Acute attacks in people with exercise-induced asthma often occur when exercising and fade once the person is able to catch their breath and use a rescue medication. Mayo Clinic lists chest tightness, coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath as common symptoms of asthma. Respiratory infections like colds and influenza may also aggravate symptoms like coughing and wheezing in people with the condition.
Complications
Managing exercise-induced asthma is vital for avoiding serious health complications. According to MayoClinic.com, untreated asthma can lead to permanent narrowing of the airways, decreasing your ability to breathe on an ongoing basis. Poorly controlled asthma can also affect quality of life by interfering with your ability to sleep, work or enjoy recreational activities. Rarely, acute asthma attacks can result in death if not promptly treated.
Prevention/Solution
While there is no cure for asthma, the condition doesn't have to interfere with your quality of life. The American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology recommends a combination of exposure reduction, medication and a plan for treating acute attacks. Working closely with a doctor or allergy specialist allows patients to formulate a plan to meet their individual needs.
People with exercise-induced asthma can lower their risk of acute attacks by avoiding exercising in cold, dry climates. Limiting your exposure to triggers like tobacco smoke and respiratory infections will also benefit overall lung health. In some cases, preventive treatment with daily medications may be required.
Warning
Like other asthma patients, people with exercise-induced asthma must carry a rescue inhaler or medication at all times to prevent life-threatening complications. Inform your doctor about changes in your condition as well as any side effects you experience while taking asthma medications.
