Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, known also as ADHD or ADD, is a neurobiological disorder. Characterized by inattention, impulsive behavior, and sometimes hyperactivity, it can severely impact life at school, home and work. It is a common disorder in children, but its symptoms may persist into adulthood. Some nutritional interventions may help. Consult a qualified health care professional for more information about the role of nutrition in relieving ADD symptoms.
Food Additives
In the late 1960s, physician Benjamin Feingold started publicly warning that food additives, especially food dyes, might be responsible for hyperactivity in children. The scientific community largely met these warnings with skepticism, but a 2007 study published in the prestigious medical journal "Lancet" lends credence to Feingold's theory. In the study, children who were given a drink containing food additives displayed increased hyperactivity as compared to children given an inactive placebo. While food additives may not be the sole cause of symptoms in all children with ADD, these research results suggest it may be worthwhile to eliminate them to see if improvements ensue.
Sugar
While excess sugar is sometimes blamed for causing the symptoms of ADHD, most scientific studies do not show a connection. The National Institute of Mental Health describes a study in which children were divided into groups that consumed either sugar or a sugar substitute. They were then rated for their behavior and learning capabilities. No difference was observed between the groups. In another study, mothers were asked to rate their children's behavior after the children were given sugar or a sugar substitute. Unbeknownst to the mothers, all the children got the sugar substitute, but mothers who believed their child had eaten sugar perceived their behaviors as more hyperactive. Still, sugar provides no nutrients, so reducing it in the diet and watching for potential benefit is risk-free.
Vitamins and Minerals
Zinc, magnesium and vitamin B6 may be important nutrients for ADHD patients, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Zinc helps modulate the activity of neurotransmitters that are related to mood and behavior. Deficiencies in magnesium, a mineral involved in cell signaling, cause irritability, mental confusion and inattention, symptoms that are remarkably similar to ADD. Vitamin B6, also called pyroxidine, is necessary for the synthesis of neurotransmitters. These nutrients are readily available in well-formulated multivitamin supplements. Use them according to package directions. Overdoses of vitamins and minerals do not confer extra benefits and may be toxic.
Protein
According to an article in "Additude," a magazine about ADD, favoring protein-rich foods instead of carbohydrates for lunch and dinner may help alleviate symptoms. Protein stimulates the production of alertness-inducing neurotransmitters, while carbohydrates induce drowsiness. Child psychologist Vincent J. Monastra states in the article that a protein-based breakfast may help prevent the side-effects of restlessness and irritability that are sometimes seen with ADD medications.
References
- CSPInet.org: Food Additives and Hyperactive Behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-Year-Old Children in the Community
- National Institute of Mental Health: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Additude: Alternative ADHD Treatment: Can Diet Ease Symptoms?
