According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that attacks the central nervous system. Symptoms range from mild to severe. While there is no cure for MS, a number of MS medications can help slow the progression of the disease, treat MS attacks and manage symptoms. The side effects of MS medications vary. Doctors at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke report that many people with MS also suffer from depression and other common illnesses that require separate treatments.
Immuno-Modulating Drugs
Immuno-modulating drugs can help control the frequency and severity of MS attacks. They can reduce the amount of brain damage incurred from the attacks and reduce the cumulative affect the disease has on the body, according to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Side effects of the drugs that primarily contain interferon include fatigue, flu-like symptoms and anxiety. Other patients may experience shortness of breath, chest pain and heart palpitations. Less common side effects of immuno-modulating drugs can include allergic reactions that cause rash, itching, nausea and low blood pressure. People taking immuno-modulating drugs need to be monitored for liver damage as well.
Novantrone
Novantrone is the main immunosuppressant drug used for patients with worsening relapse symptoms and progressive MS. Patients on Novatrone must be monitored for serious heart or liver damage in addition to other side effects. Common side effects of this drug include production of a blue-green urine color 24 hours after patients receive quarterly injections, hair thinning, bladder infections, mouth sores and nausea. Others may experience fatigue, bruising and lowered blood cell counts.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are commonly used to treat inflammation associated with MS. Methylprednisolone is a common steroid medication prescribed for MS patients to manage acute symptoms. Side effects often dissipate as the body adjusts to the medication and can include indigestion, nervousness, increased appetite and headaches. Others may experience unusual hair growth on the face, increased sweating and trouble sleeping. Less common side effects include blurred vision and severe mood swings. Prolonged corticosteroid use can cause acne and skin problems, joint pain and rapid weight gain.
Dantrolene
In addition to a variety of medications that are prescribed to treat depression, erectile dysfunction, urinary tract infections and pain that carry their own side effects, many MS patients are given dantrolene to control muscle spasms and cramping. Under the brand name Dantrium, dantrolene can cause cancer and is contraindicated with a wide variety of other medications. Possible side effects include diarrhea, dizziness, headaches and frequent urination. Others may experience swelling, shortness of breath or changes in skin color.
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