Diabetes mellitus, or diabetes, is actually a group of diseases resulting from the abnormal metabolization of glucose, says the Mayo Clinic. Individuals with diabetes have an abundance of glucose in their blood, and too much glucose can lead to medical problems. While diabetes cannot be cured, it can be treated and managed. A doctor or nutritionist may be able to give you nutrition recommendations and interventions to help you manage the disease.
Significance
According to the American Diabetes Association, more than 23.5 million people in the United States were living with diabetes as of 2007. This makes up more than 7.8 percent of the population. Nearly six million of these individuals have not been officially diagnosed yet, and another 57 million people have pre-diabetes. In 2006, diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S.
Types
There are two main types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is typically diagnosed in children and young adults; it used to be called juvenile diabetes, says the American Diabetes Association. Type 1 diabetes sufferers cannot produce insulin, which is necessary to convert sugar into energy. Only about 5 to 10 percent of diabetics have type 1. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of the condition, in which the body does not make enough insulin, or the cells do not utilize the insulin that is made.
Nutrition Recommendations
Individuals with both types of diabetes need to monitor their diets and make healthy food choices. There is no one "diabetes diet," but there are some guidelines that diabetics should follow. The Mayo Clinic suggests choosing a diet that emphasizes fruits, vegetables and whole grains, and minimizes animal products and sweets. Sugary foods are not forbidden, but they should be eaten sparingly and in moderation. A dietitian who specializes in working with diabetics can help you prepare a healthy meal plan.
Regular aerobic exercise also benefits diabetics, because exercise lowers blood sugar and increases the body's sensitivity to insulin. Once your physician says exercise is safe for you, aim for approximately 30 minutes of physical activity daily on most days of the week, to get the full benefit.
Interventions for Diabetes
All individuals with type 1 diabetes need insulin, and some with type 2 diabetes also need insulin therapy. Other medications to stimulate the pancreas to make more insulin may also be necessary. Losing weight can help manage type 2 diabetes. According to the American Diabetes Association, individuals with type 2 diabetes who lost 10 to 15 pounds were able to lower their blood glucose and blood pressure and improve blood fats. Weight loss can also help you lower the amount of medication you need.
Warning
If you have diabetes, talk to your health care provider prior to starting any medications and before starting a diet plan. Your doctor can help ensure your safety and prevent any adverse effects. Work with a dietitian or nutritionist to safely change your diet while making sure you are getting the nutrients you need.
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