Vitamins and minerals are organic compounds you can consume in food and beverages or in supplement form. Deficiencies in vitamins or minerals can have negative effects on your health. Vitamins and minerals do not "give" you energy, but these nutrients assist in a host of bodily processes that allow your body to function optimally.
Nervous System Health
Vitamins and minerals support the health of your nervous system. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, or UMMC, the eight water-soluble B vitamins support the proper functioning of your nervous system. Vitamin B complex -- especially vitamin B-1 and B-12 -- is required for building proteins and red blood cells and for facilitating smooth functioning of nervous system tissue. The Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University notes that the mineral calcium is vital to the proper functioning of your nervous system as well.
Healthy Bones and Teeth
Vitamins and minerals also help to support healthy bones and teeth. The McKinley Health Center reports that vitamin D helps your body absorb the minerals calcium and phosphorus, the two most abundant minerals in your body, according to UMMC. The combination of the three is vital to the health of your bones and teeth. Your body is capable of absorbing vitamin D from the sun. Dairy products such as milk, eggs, yogurt and cheese are rich in calcium and phosphorus.
Muscles and Movement
Your body requires certain vitamins and minerals to support muscle movement and development. Vitamin E forms new muscle, and vitamin D, known for its role in bone health, also supports your muscles. The mineral iron is required to properly carry oxygen to your muscles and bodily tissues, while magnesium maintains normal muscle function. Potassium and sodium are critical for proper muscle contractions and fluids balance. Potassium or sodium deficiencies or electrolyte imbalances can cause muscle cramping.
Supplement Warning
Vitamin and mineral supplements are not usually necessary, but nearly 40 percent of adults take them anyway, reports Cornell University Cooperative Extension. You should be able to get your recommended daily requirements of vitamins and minerals from a balanced diet. A multivitamin, however, can replace nutrients your diet is lacking. Please consult your doctor before taking dietary supplements.
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