Macular degeneration is a chronic eye condition that affects tissue in the retina known as the macula, and according to the University of Maryland Medical Center, is the main cause of vision loss in individuals over 60 years of age in the United States. There is no cure for macular degeneration, but drugs such as pegaptanib and ranibizumab can help to slow vision loss. Some supplements may also help to support eye health and prevent macular degeneration, but clinical evidence to prove they are effective is limited. Get medical advice before taking supplements for this condition.
Ginkgo Biloba
The results of a study published in 2002 in the German medical journal "Wiedn Med Wochenschr" show that an extract of ginkgo biloba improved visual acuity in patients with dry macular degeneration. Ginkgo biloba may cause side effects that include headache, gastrointestinal upset and dizziness. Do not eat fresh ginkgo biloba seeds, as they contain a chemical that may cause serious side effects such as seizures. This herb may also increase the risk of bleeding so do not not use it if you have a bleeding disorder or if you are taking anticoagulants.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
The omega-3 fatty acids known as docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA, and eicosapentaenoic acid, or EPA, may reduce the risk of macular degeneration, UMMC notes. Oily fish such as salmon, mackerel, herring and trout are a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids. You can also obtain omega-3s by taking a fish oil supplement. MedlinePlus states that taking 3g of fish oil daily is likely safe but that higher doses may stop your blood from clotting properly and increase the risk of bleeding. Fish oil is contraindicated in a number of conditions, including bipolar disorder, HIV and diabetes. Check with your doctor whether it is safe for you to take fish oil supplements.
Lutein
The antioxidant lutein may help to prevent macular degeneration, UMMC notes. It is found naturally in the eye where it acts as a light filter to protect the eyes from sun damage. Lutein is also found in a number of foods, including green vegetables, corn and eggs. The American Optometric Association notes that Western diets often contain low levels of this antioxidant; however, it is available as dietary supplement. Lutein is not associated with any adverse effects, but pregnant or breastfeeding women should not take a lutein supplement.
References
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Macular Degeneration
- PubMed: Ginkgo Extract in Impaired Vision: Treatment With Special Extract EGb 761 of Impaired Vision Due to Dry Senile Macular Degeneration
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Ginkgo
- MedlinePlus: Fish Oil
- RxList: Lutein
- American Optometric Association: Lutein and Zeaxanthin
