Major depressive disorder, commonly referred to as depression, was the leading cause of disability in adults aged 15 to 44 in 2004, according to the World Health Organization. Obesity, another common American condition, has been linked to depression. Increased weight can contribute to poor self-esteem, increased hormone levels, and lowered levels of physical activity; these factors can contribute to depressive symptoms.
Lowered Self-Image
Society equates thin, shapely bodies with physical attractiveness. Obese people, for this reason, may be ostracized or considered unattractive. They may find it more difficult to make friends, earn a promotion or find a date. They may have to purchase larger-sized clothing in specialty stores, or have sizes custom ordered for them, These factors can contribute to a lowered sense of self-esteem and may eventually lead to depression.
Socio-economic Factors
People in lower socio-economic groups may have difficulty obtaining access to treatments such as therapy and dietary counseling. In addition, urban areas may have limited access to grocery stores or markets with fresh produce. In these "food deserts," it can be difficult, if not impossible, to make healthy food choices, and obesity due to high caloric intake or depression due to low nutritional intake are often a result.
Lowered Physical Activity
Physical activity is extremely effective as a treatment for depression. However, the obese may have lowered levels of physical activity, due to limited or impaired mobility. This can lead to weakened muscles and diminished lung capacity, making exercise extremely difficult.
Changes in Hormone Levels
Increased body weight can alter levels of hormones, such as cortisone, in the body. These hormonal changes can cause changes in mood and can actually make it more difficult to lose unwanted weight. Stress can exacerbate the problem. These hormonal changes are more common in women than men but can occur in either.
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