Triglycerides are the chemical form of fats found in the human body. HDL is high-density lipoprotein, which is a type of cholesterol that provides protective benefits to the heart. When triglyceride levels are high and HDL levels are low, the risk of heart disease is increased. Several medications for high triglycerides and low cholesterol can help to restore these levels to normal and reduce the risk of developing coronary artery disease.
Fibrates
Fibrates work to increase HDL levels and lower triglycerides by reducing the production of VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) and speeding up triglyceride removal. In the United States, fenofibrate and gemfibrozil are fibrates used to treat low HDL and high triglycerides. Fenofibrate is an oral medication that is usually taken once per day. Side effects of this drug include gas, stomach pain, dizziness, constipation, lightheadedness, runny nose, fatigue, headache and nausea. Serious side effects such as joint pain, muscle pain, weakness, infection, rash and flu-like symptoms can also occur. Gemfibrozil is available as a tablet or capsule and is usually taken twice per day. Side effects of gemfibrozil can include diarrhea, stomach pain, heartburn, flatulence, nausea, skin rash and vomiting. Seek medical attention if unusual weakness, muscle pain or unusual tiredness occur. Both drugs are used in combination with a healthful diet and regular exercise.
Statins
Statin drugs raise HDL levels and decrease triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. This class of drugs works by preventing the formation of cholesterol in the liver. Atorvastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin and simvastatin are statin drugs available in the United States. Side effects of statins can include nausea, diarrhea, constipation, flushing, rash, muscle problems and liver damage. People taking statin drugs should have regular liver function tests to make sure liver damage has not occurred as a result of taking a statin. The risks for statin side effects are increased in females, people age 65 and older, diabetics, people with liver and kidney disease and people who take multiple drugs to reduce cholesterol.
Niacin
Niacin is a B vitamin that increases levels of HDL and reduces levels of LDL in the blood. This vitamin is found in eggs, dairy products, enriched breads, nuts, poultry, fish, lean meats and fortified cereals. B-complex vitamin supplements also contain niacin. When this vitamin is needed to control cholesterol, it can be purchased in higher concentrations with a prescription. Slo-Niacin, Niaspan and Niacor are common prescription niacin brands. Niacin is very effective at increasing HDL cholesterol levels, with the Mayo Clinic reporting an increase of 15 to 35 percent. Niacin also decreases levels of triglycerides, which can reduce a person's risk for heart disease. One of the most common side effects of niacin is flushing of the skin. This side effect can be prevented by avoiding alcohol and warm beverages. Other possible niacin side effects include liver damage, upset stomach, dizziness, headache and increased blood sugar levels.
