Muscle cramps are something everyone experiences from time to time. They can affect any of your skeletal muscles and most commonly occur in muscles that span between two joints, such as the calves, hamstrings and quadriceps, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. You can take several steps to stop cramps.
Cause
According to MayoClinic.com, athletes who train in warm-weather sports often develop muscle cramps because they experience the most dehydration and muscle exhaustion. Aside from athletes, infants, young children and the elderly are at the highest risk, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. In addition to exercise and dehydration, cramps can develop from pregnancy and certain medications. Calcium, magnesium or potassium deficiencies can also cause cramps.
Prevention
Stretching reduces your risk of muscle cramps because it allows muscles to contract and tighten more vigorously during exercise and other activities. Stretch before and after physical activity and make sure to work all major muscle groups, such as the legs, arms, back, shoulders and neck. Drink at least eight 8-oz. glasses of water during the day and avoid alcohol. If you experience nocturnal cramps that wake you up at night, a doctor may prescribe a muscle relaxer. A vitamin-B complex supplement can also prevent leg cramps, as can dropping pounds if you're overweight.
Treatment
Once a cramp occurs, it can feel like a sharp pain that often makes the muscle bulge, feel hard and possibly pulsate. Stretch the cramped muscle while simultaneously massaging the area. You can also apply a cold pack or heating pad or take a hot bath to relieve discomfort.
Consideration
If muscle cramps interfere with your daily routine and you have exhausted home prevention and treatment options, talk to your doctor. You may have an underlying medical problem, such as diabetes or hypoglycemia, requiring treatment before the muscle cramps will stop.
