When you reference a nonspecific form of yoga, you are likely referring to hatha yoga. Hatha yoga is the most popular system of yoga and is widely recognized as the standard starting place of most yoga practices. The word "hatha" derives from the Sanskrit words "ha," which means "sun," and "tha," which means "moon." Thus, hatha yoga is known to unite pairs of opposites. Hatha yoga strives to achieve balance of mind, body and spirit by utilizing practices of breath with movement.
Origins
The introduction of hatha yoga is credited to Yogi Swatmarama, a 15th century yogic sage from India. Hatha yoga began to spread in popularity in the 19th century as yoga teacher T. Krishnamacharya spread it through the southern regions of India. Hatha yoga has since entered mainstream society through the efforts of his disciples, including B.K.S. Iyengar, K. Pattabhi Jois, Indira Devi and T.K.V. Desikachar, who set up several schools throughout the world.
Asanas
Hatha yoga seeks to balance the body, mind, and spirit through physical poses, or "asanas," in conjunction with breathing techniques. The Sanskirt word "asansa" refers to the "seat" of the body, in relation to both its physical position and its perceived alignment with divinity. Physical poses of hatha yoga can lead to enhanced concentration and overall relaxation, as well as greater flexibility, increased strength and improved circulation.
Pranayama
The Sanskrit word "pranayama" refers to the breathing techniques utilized in hatha yoga. "Prana" means "life-force energy" and "ayama" means "to control." The effort of breath control is a fundamental part of hatha yoga and can be practiced with or without the asanas. The basis for the use of pranayama is the yogic belief that by controlling your breath, you can control your mind and open your body to an enhanced flow of energy and spiritual awareness.
Benefits
There are many benefits of practicing hatha yoga. According to The University of Michigan, hatha yoga can help you to cope with and reduce stress, ease tension, and manage depression and anxiety. Yoga can also help to tone internal organs, enhance glandular functioning, and reduce symptoms of chronic illnesses such as asthma, high blood pressure, and multiple scelerosis. Be sure to speak to your doctor about your specific needs before beginning a hatha yoga practice.
References
- "Hatha Yoga: The Hidden Language, Symbols, Secrets, and Metaphors"; Swami Sivananda Radha; 2006
- "University of Michigan Health System: Yoga"
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