Cod liver oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, chemicals that are beneficial for a wide range of health conditions. Supplements of cod liver oil are often taken to treat several different health conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and heart disease. While cod liver oil is generally regarded as safe and non-toxic, it may cause side effects in some people, particularly when taken in high doses. As with any health supplement, consult your doctor before taking cod liver oil.
Nausea
One frequent side effect of cod liver oil supplements is nausea, which may lead to vomiting and loss of appetite. Additional gastrointestinal effects include excessive belching, indigestion, heartburn, loose stools or diarrhea. Cod liver oil may also cause abdominal bloating and abdominal pain. Bad breath and a persistent fishy aftertaste have also been reported.
Bleeding, Blood Pressure and Cholesterol
High doses of cod liver oil, or more than 3 grams per day, may decrease the ability of your blood to clot, leading to increased risk of excessive bleeding and possibly stroke. Cod liver oil also may lower your blood pressure, which may be problematic if you have chronically low blood pressure. Cod liver oil has been reported in increase levels of low-density lipoproteins, also known as LDL or "bad" cholesterol. Large doses increase the risk of raising LDL levels.
Interactions with Vitamins
Long-term use of cod liver oil may cause a vitamin E deficiency. To counteract this, cod liver oil supplements often contain vitamin E as well, which can lead to the opposite problem of vitamin E toxicity if high doses of cod liver oil are taken. Cod liver oil is also frequently supplemented with vitamins A and D, which can lead to toxicity of these vitamins if high doses are consumed.
Decreased Immune Function
High doses of cod liver oil can potentially decrease the ability of your immune system to function effectively. People with HIV/AIDS and elderly people with impaired immune function should pay special attention to this possible side effect.
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