Fingernails protect the tissue underneath them, and are composed of a layer of hard cells. Nails and hair primarily consist of the protein keratin. Fingernails originate as living cells under the cuticle at the base of the nail bed, and they become harder as they grow out and become visible.
Features
Brittle fingernails are a widespread condition that affects approximately one-fifth of the population, and mostly women, notes NYU Langone Medical Center. Fingernail brittleness falls into two general categories: nails are brittle and dry from lack of moisture, or brittle and soft from excessive moisture. In both cases, the nails become thin and weak with a tendency to break or peel easily.
Possible Medical Causes
Brittle fingernails may result from underlying medical problems. Potential medical causes of the condition include diseases like endocrine, lung or thyroid disorders, in addition to more general health reasons such as poor diet and vitamin deficiency. However, most cases of brittle fingernails do not come from inadequate nutrition, states the University of Michigan Health System. The problem is more likely caused by the diseases or disorders, which lead to insufficient oxygen in the body or inflamed, infected fingernails.
Other Causes
Fingernails frequently become more brittle as people age. In addition, the nails come into contact with the environment and numerous substances that can dry them out, including water, detergents, chemicals in products such as nail polish and nail polish remover. Regular exposure to such hazards can place stress on your fingernails and cause trauma. Continually wetting and then drying already weakened fingernails may lead to very brittle nails.
Prevention
Everyday solutions to help prevent brittle fingernails range from wearing protective gloves when immersing hands in water to keeping nails short and free of nail polish. You can also protect your nails from the breaking and splitting associated with brittleness by treating them gently and filing them often to lower the risk of cracks and snags. Apply a cream or lotion to moisturize nails properly and help them become stronger and capable of resisting complications from exposure to the environment and other hazards.
Treatment Considerations
Recommended treatments for brittle fingernails include taking the B vitamin biotin to make them stronger and thicker, and applying gelatin directly to nails to strengthen them. Both approaches may work, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness, explains the University of Michigan Health System. The most appropriate treatment usually depends on the exact nature and cause of the problem, such as an underlying medical issue.
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