Depression affects people of all ages and backgrounds. The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that depression affects 121 million people worldwide. Clinical depression is diagnosed by looking at the intensity of the emotions you are experiencing, the impact on your life and by the length of time you have felt this way. People may have one episode of depression (major depressive episode) or may struggle with multiple episodes (major depressive disorder). Contact a professional immediately if you think you have a clinical depression.
Step 1
Observe the person in question. Look for signs of weight change, sleeping too much or not sleeping enough, tearfulness, fatigue, restlessness, inability to concentrate, suicidal thoughts, or lack of interest in things the person used to enjoy.
Step 2
Compare your observations with the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-IV TR (see link in References). Five criteria need to be met during a two-week period and represent a change from previous functioning for a diagnosis of depression.
Step 3
Contact a health care professional for diagnosis and treatment options. This may include a primary care doctor or mental health professional (therapist or psychiatrist).
Tips and Warnings
- The sooner you get help, the better are your chances for managing your depression. The WHO notes that depression can be reliably treated with medication and psychotherapy.
- Contact a professional (like your local emergency room or mental health/ suicide hotline) if at any time you have suicidal thoughts or if someone tells you they have suicidal thoughts.
