Everyone needs vitamin B12 to function normally, but some people naturally lack the vitamin and require supplementation through dietary supplement pills or infections, according to Drugs.com. An allergic reaction to vitamin B12 is uncommon but possible. A true allergy to vitamin B12 is an immune system reaction that causes the production of immunoglobulin E, or IgE, antibodies that fight off the supplement, according to MayoClinic.com. The release of these antibodies and other chemicals causes inflammation and irritation in various parts of the body. Call your doctor if you experience any of these symptoms.
Skin Reactions
Skin reactions are the most common if you receive injections of vitamin B12. Some reactions from an infection of vitamin B12 are unrelated to an allergic reaction, such as redness and swelling at the area of the injection, according to Drugs.com. Common allergic skin reactions include hives, eczema and general itching. These skin rashes may develop around the mouth, arms, legs or any other part of the body. Hives are clusters of welts that form in defined borders but have different shapes and sizes, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Hives may be a sign of a more serious reaction and should be assessed by a doctor.
Respiratory Reactions
Histamine is a chemical that is produced in soft tissue during an allergic reaction to vitamin B12, such as in the lungs or sinus cavity. Common symptoms that pertain to the respiratory system include nasal congestion, a runny nose, sneezing, watery eyes, wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath and coughing, according to MayoClinic.com. Asthma-like symptoms may be a sign of anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction.
Digestive Reactions
If you ingest a vitamin B12 dietary supplement in a pill form, you can develop digestive reactions from inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. These symptoms include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain, cramping and gas. Severe stomach pain or blood in your stools is an alarming symptom. Call your doctor at the first sign of these symptoms.
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is an extreme allergic reaction that could occur if you're allergic to B12, according to Drugs.com. Anaphylaxis is a sudden, all-body reaction where excessive amounts of histamine are released throughout the entire body. Common symptoms include bluish-colored skin, swelling in the face, throat or tongue, the inability to breathe, mental confusion and lightheadedness. If you experience these symptoms, call 911. You may need an epinephrine infection to alleviate your symptoms and restore your body to its normal function.
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