An allergy is a reaction to a substance --- referred to as an allergen --- that is normally harmless, such as pollen or dust. When you have an allergic reaction, you may experience symptoms such as a runny nose and sneezing, which lead to nasal congestion, making it hard to breathe. Fortunately, you can take steps to treat or minimize your symptoms. In some cases, allergies can be life threatening, however; if you have shortness of breath that makes it hard for you to talk, have someone contact an emergency medical service immediately.
Testing
Your first weapon in the fight against allergies is testing. An allergist or immunologist can conduct tests to determine which substances are triggering your allergies. The most common type of allergy test is the skin-prick test, which involves putting a small amount of the allergen into your skin using a device that pricks your skin. The challenge test involves inhaling or consuming an allergen, and a blood test may be required if a skin-prick test is inconclusive. Based on the results, the allergist can make recommendations for treatment.
Prevention
Reducing your exposure to allergens reduces symptoms and makes it easier for you to breathe. For instance, washing pets reduces your exposure to pet dander if this is your allergy trigger. If dust mites are among your allergens, vacuuming, washing bedding and using a mask when dusting helps. If you're allergic to pollen, wear a mask during activities such as mowing grass or gardening, and change the filter on your air conditioner and furnace often, recommends the University of Michigan Health Systems. Your allergist can provide you with additional information on other preventative steps you can take.
Treatment
Use a saline spray or nasal irrigation kit to reduce the build-up of irritants inside your nose. Turn on a humidifier to moisten the air in your home and your nasal passages, because nasal dryness can increase congestion. Steroid and decongestant nasal sprays also help to reduce congestion. Speak to your doctor about the benefits of taking allergy shots, or immunotherapy, which relieves allergy symptoms and is the closest treatment to a "cure" for allergies, notes the American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology.
Caution
Some natural remedies, such as butterbur and stinging nettle, are marketed for relieving allergies. However, more research is needed on the effectiveness of these remedies, according to the Mayo Clinic. Consult a qualified naturopathic doctor instead of trying to self-medicate with natural or herbal remedies to control your allergies and improve your breathing.
