A popular source of omega-3 fatty acids is cod liver oil, which is often taken as supplements in pill form. Fish oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids are commonly used to treat a variety of health conditions, ranging from Alzheimer's disease to high cholesterol. Taking cod liver oil for long periods of time rarely causes major health problems, although some side effects may occur even after short-term exposure. As with any health supplement, consult your doctor before taking cod liver oil.
Vitamin E
The main side effect that has been reported after long-term use of cod liver oil is vitamin E deficiency, reports MayoClinic.com. Vitamin E deficiency can cause many other health problems, such as anemia and neurological symptoms. To prevent vitamin E deficiency, many cod liver oil pills are supplemented with vitamin E, which can sometimes cause the opposite problem of vitamin E toxicity if you take other health supplements containing vitamin E.
Upset Stomach
Short-term use of cod liver oil can possibly cause several side effects, such as upset stomach, nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite, warns MedlinePlus, an online resource of the National Institutes of Health. Cod liver oil supplements have also been linked to increased belching, bad breath and a lingering fishy aftertaste. Diarrhea and loose stools have also been reported.
Additional Side Effects
Additional side effects may also occur after taking cod liver oil supplements, including skin rash and nosebleeds. Cod liver oil may also reduce the functioning of the immune system, which could be potentially dangerous for elderly patients or patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. In addition, blood clotting may be decreased by cod liver oil, which can increase the risk of stroke, especially if supplements are taken in high doses. Large doses of cod liver oil may also increase levels of the "bad" low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, cholesterol.
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