Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic disorder in which your esophageal sphincter opens sporadically or fails to close properly, allowing stomach acid to regurgitate into your esophagus. Though this process, known as acid reflux, is common in people without the disease, severe, frequent symptoms indicate GERD. GERD may also cause heartburn, chronic cough, hoarseness, wheezing, belching, throat pain and nausea. In addition to medications and, in severe cases, surgery, lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet and avoidance of certain foods, may reduce your symptoms.
Function
A GERD-friendly diet aims to prevent or reduce the severity of acid reflux and other GERD symptoms. Since excess body weight increases your risk for GERD, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC), your diet may also promote appetite and weight control. Your diet should provide sufficient amounts of calories and nutrients, and limit foods and beverages that contribute to your symptoms.
Optimum Foods
While many foods suit a diet for GERD sufferers, certain foods may provide exceptional benefits. Antioxidant-rich foods, such as berries, cherries, red plums, bell peppers, squash and leafy greens promote strong immune system function and may help reduce GERD symptoms, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Fatty fish, such as salmon, tuna, sardines, lake trout and halibut provide omega-3 fatty acids -- healthy fats that may reduce inflammation in your digestive tract. Additional healthy fat sources include nuts, seeds and plant-based oils Whole grains provide rich amounts of fiber, which enhances appetite control and digestive function, and potent nutrients, such as B vitamins and iron. In addition to fish, lean meats, low-fat dairy or soy products, egg whites and legumes provide ample protein, which supports lean tissue growth and repair.
Problem Foods
Foods affect people with GERD differently. Certain foods are considered common triggers, however. Thus, limiting or avoiding these foods may help minimize your symptoms. Common dietary triggers, according to the NDDIC, include spicy foods, high-fat and greasy foods, chocolate, garlic and mint flavorings, citrus fruits, tomatoes and tomato products, such as spaghetti sauce. Alcohol and caffeine may also worsen your symptoms. Consuming caffeine or high-fat foods late in the day may increase the likelihood of experiencing symptoms at night, which can disturb sleep and lead to lethargy during waking hours. Limit or avoid refined foods, such as breads, pasta and cereals made with "enriched" flour, and foods and beverages high in added sugars, such as regular soft drinks and candy. If you notice that other foods, such as dairy products or wheat, worsen your symptoms, talk to your doctor or dietitian about eliminating the particular food from your diet.
Dietary Habits
In addition to consuming certain foods and limiting others, altering your dietary behaviors may also improve GERD symptoms. The NDDIC recommends eating small, frequent meals and not laying down for several hours after meals. Slow your eating pace by setting your fork down between bites and eat in a calm, pleasant atmosphere without distractions, such as television noise, to promote positive digestion and help prevent overeating and weight gain. When grocery shopping, choose natural, whole foods, instead of frozen or canned items. To prevent overeating at restaurants, order lunch-size entrees or reserve a portion for leftovers.
