A burn can is painful, whether it's a first degree or third-degree burn. A first-degree burn reddens the skin, while a second-degree burn causes blistering. A third-degree burn damages tissues and often involves multiple layers of skin. Burns can be caused by hot water, sunlight, electricity or chemicals. First aid can help relieve pain and help you determine whether medical interventions are necessary. When in doubt, consult a doctor or go to an emergency room.
Step 1
Examine the burned area and determine the severity of the burn. A first-degree burn involves only the outer layer of the skin. A second-degree burn may cause blistering and a reddened area surrounding the burned area, as well as some swelling. A second-degree burn is not considered serious unless an area of more than 3 inches of skin is involved. A third-degree burn, which is serious, involves multiple skin layers, fat and muscle tissue. The area surrounding the burned area may be black and charred or look ash-white.
Step 2
Treat first and second-degree burns over small areas by cooling the area down with cool water. Fill a basin or bucket with cool water and submerge the burned area in the water for about 10 minutes. If handy, place a sterile covering over the burn, but don't wrap tightly and do not use materials that will shed threads or tufts of material into the wound.
Step 3
Call your doctor or emergency help for anyone who has experienced a third-degree burn, regardless of the surface area of the burn. Try to protect the burned area(s) against further damage and leave burned clothing in place. Elevate burned limbs if possible and lightly cover the burned area with a sterile or clean cloth or bandage. Third-degree victims may go into shock, so follow this basic first aid rule: If the face is red, raise the head. If the face is pale, raise the tail." This means elevating feet and legs if the person appears pale.
Things You'll Need
- Cool water
- Sterile bandages
