Peripheral edema can be a sign of a life threatening condition, as well as a side effect from exercise. Recognizing what causes the swelling helps you determine whether you need to seek medical treatment or simply take precautions before and during exercise.
Description
The National Institutes of Health describe peripheral edema as painless swelling of the hands, feet, ankles and legs. This swelling is common, particularly among older people. Both legs, calves or thighs may be affected by peripheral edema. Due to the effect of gravity, swelling in the lower part of the body is particularly noticeable.
Cause
Exercise is a common source of peripheral edema -- a result of the increased energy demands of your muscles during activity. When you exercise, your heart and lungs require an increased amount of blood flow. This need for blood decreases the amount of flow to to your extremities, making them cooler. The blood vessels in your extremities can open wider, which leads to swelling. As exercise continues, heat is generated from your muscles, which pushes blood to the vessels closest to the surface of your body in order to lessen heat. This response causes sweating and possible swelling.
Prevention
MayoClinic.com reports there is no proof that you can prevent or reduce exercise induced peripheral edema. Occasional backward and forward arm circles during exercise may improve circulation and reduce swelling . Stretching your fingers and then making fists several times during exercise can help reduce hand swelling.
Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia, a rare condition, occurs when sodium levels fall to abnormal lows. This condition can be mistaken for peripheral edema, causing swollen fingers and hands. You can distinguish between the two conditions by watching for signs such as confusion and vomiting. Hyponatremia requires immediate medical attention is required.
Considerations
Other conditions that cause swelling in the extremities include long periods of standing or sitting. Women can experience swelling during their periods as well as during pregnancy. Certain medications, obesity and aging are also factors that may cause peripheral edema.
