The International Tennis Federation, or ITF, is the governing body of the game and regulates the size of tennis balls. The United States Tennis Association, or USTA, is a member of the ITF and bases its specifications for tennis balls on those of the international organization. Different sizes of tennis balls are available for play on different court surfaces and at high altitudes. In 2010, the ITF introduced new regulations that specify different sizes of balls for youth play.
Types
The ITF specifies three types of tennis balls for regulation adult play, designated in the official rules as Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3. The type indicates the recommended playing surface for that particular ball. An additional ball, referred to as the high-altitude ball, is specifically for play at altitudes greater than 4,000 feet above sea level. The ITF also specifies three types of balls for regulation youth play. The official rule book identifies these types as Stage 1, Stage 2 and Stage 3.
History
Until 1989, the ITF allowed only one type of tennis ball, the Type 2. That year, the organization introduced a ball designed specifically for play at high altitudes. This ball is the same size and weight as the standard Type 2 ball, but is pressurized and has different rebound specifications. In 2002, the ITF introduced the Type 1 and Type 3 balls.
Adult
Type 1, Type 2 and high-altitude balls are the same size. They must measure 2.575 to 2.700 inches in diameter. Type 1 balls are slightly harder than Type 2 balls and are for play on slower court surfaces, such as clay. Type 3 balls, for use on faster court surfaces such as grass and artificial turf, are slightly larger and must measure 2.750 to 2.875 inches in diameter.
Youth
Tennis balls approved for youth and beginner play move slower and bounce lower than standard tennis balls. The position of the ITF is that introduction of these balls will enable beginning players to learn the game and develop skills faster. Stage 1 balls are green and must measure 2.48 to 2.70 inches in diameter. Stage 2 balls are orange and must measure 2.36 to 2.70 inches in diameter. Stage 3 balls are red and must measure 2.76 to 3.15 inches in diameter. A specially constructed type of Stage 3 ball, made of foam, must have a diameter of 3.15 to 3.54 inches.
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