Bariatric surgery, or weight loss surgery, is surgery used to promote weight loss in very obese patients. According to the "Journal of the American Medical Association," bariatric surgery is typically considered for people who are about 100 Ib. overweight or with a body mass index above 40. Bariatric surgery is usually effective for weight loss; however, risks are present during and following surgery including nutrient deficiencies and other surgery-related complications. Following an appropriate post bariatric surgery diet can help reduce complications due to malnutrition.
Background
Several types of bariatric surgical procedures exist. Examples include gastric bypass, gastric resection and adjustable gastric banding. Each type of surgery modifies the digestive tract, usually the stomach, in some way to decrease the amount of food that can safely be eaten at one time and help with weight loss. Bariatric surgery is a commitment that lasts a lifetime and should not be taken lightly. Lifestyle changes must be made in addition to dietary adjustments.
Concerns
Malnutrition is a concern after bariatric surgery. In many cases, fewer nutrients are absorbed due to alternations made to the stomach or small intestine. According to the National Anemia Action Council, iron and other vitamin deficiencies can cause anemia in bariatric patients after surgery; taking a multivitamin supplement that contains iron, folate and vitamin B-12 may help reduce surgery-related nutrient deficiencies.
Diet
In general, eat small frequent meals high in nutrients and low in fats and sugars. Consume food and liquids slowly to prevent dumping syndrome. Consume adequate amounts of protein to help with healing after surgery and prevent malnutrition. Supplement with vitamins and minerals as recommended by your doctor. A post bariatric surgery diet begins with a small amount clear liquid foods -- initially, about 1 tbsp. at a time. Full liquid and pureed foods are added to your diet once your doctor gives his approval. After about eight weeks, regular solid foods are added to a bariatric diet in small amounts.
Liquids
After weight loss surgery, limit your fluids and avoid consuming fluids with meals. Medline Plus recommends drinking up to eight glasses of calorie-free beverages each day and avoiding liquids 60 minutes before or after meals. Liquids can make you feel full without providing essential nutrients your body needs. MayoClinic.com encourages drinking 6 to 8 cups of fluids everyday to avoid dehydration.
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