Cod liver oil is an extract derived from the livers of cod fish, available as either a liquid or capsule supplement. Cod liver oil differs from other fish oil in that fish oil is extracted from fatty tissue and lacks some of the vitamins that are available in the liver. Cod liver contains several vitamins and minerals, as well as omega-3 fatty acids, which are associated with a variety of health benefits.
Cardiovascular Benefits
The strongest evidence supporting cod liver oil's benefits is for the cardiovascular system, reports the American Heart Association. The omega-3 fatty acids found in cod liver oil help to lower cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure, prevent irregular heartbeats and reduce plaque buildup in the arteries. The fat found in cod liver oil is unsaturated, which is a healthy alternative to the harmful saturated fats found in greasier foods such as burgers and fries.
Support for Bones and Joints
Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties, helping patients suffering from arthritic conditions to experience less pain and swelling. Omega-3 fatty acids help with the absorption of calcium as well, contributing to this mineral's positive effect on bone health. The vitamin D found in cod liver oil works with calcium to further promote bone health.
Cognitive Benefits
Increasing clinical evidence suggests that the omega-3 fatty acids found in cod liver oil can have positive psychological benefits. Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to reduce symptoms of depression and improve the mental faculties of those suffering from Alzheimer's, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Additional clinical evidence has found mixed results concerning the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids on bipolar disorder, ADHD and schizophrenia.
Disease Prevention
Some evidence suggests that the omega-3 fatty acids in cod liver oil can prevent common diseases such as diabetes and cancer, reports the University of Maryland Medical Center. Individuals suffering from diabetes often have high fat levels and less of the "good" cholesterol, and omega-3 fatty acids can alleviate this condition. Diets high in omega-3 fatty acids have been linked to a reduced risk of colon and prostate cancer as well. The anti-oxidant properties of both vitamin A and omega-3 fatty acids can eliminate free radicals, which are harmful to the immune system.
Doses
While eating fish is generally the best source of omega-3 fatty acids, cod liver oil can be an effective supplement. About .3 to .5 g of cod liver oil a day is recommended to provide the necessary fatty acids needed in the diet. Children under 18 should avoid fish oil capsules unless under the direct supervision of a physician, cautions MayoClinic.com.
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