Diabetes is a condition characterized by chronically high blood glucose levels. Diabetes can be managed with lifestyle modifications and medications. Adequate nutrition and maintenance of a healthy weight are two key components of lifestyle modification that go hand in hand with diabetes treatment.
Sugar
A common myth is that diabetics cannot have any type or amount of sugar at all. Sugar in small amounts can be included in the diet on special occasions and substituted for other forms of carbohydrate. That being said, sugar will dramatically increase blood glucose levels and does need to be limited and monitored closely by diabetic individuals. Artificial sweeteners can be substituted for sugar in a variety of recipes and in items such as coffee and tea.
Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate-containing foods also raise blood glucose levels. Sugar, starches and fiber are the three types of carbohydrate. Starches include foods such as grains, starchy vegetables like corn, peas and potatoes, and beans and lentils. Sugars can be further broken down into those that occur naturally such as those found in milk and yogurt, and those that are added to products. Beans, pasta, whole grains, nuts and legumes are all sources of fiber. Keeping track of the amount of carbohydrate consumed, regardless of type, is important for diabetes management. A registered dietitian can help set specific goals for counting carbohydrates.
Protein
Protein is an important dietary component for diabetic individuals to consider. Protein does not cause blood glucose levels to rise and can help keep blood glucose levels from rising quickly when eaten along with carbohydrate. Protein can also help individuals feel satisfied longer, which will decrease snacking between meals and promote healthy weight maintenance. Good sources of protein are lean meats, peanut butter, milk, yogurt and cheese.
Fat
Fat can also impact blood glucose levels. According to the American Diabetic Association the type of fat consumed is more important than the amounts of fat consumed. Trans fats, saturated fats and cholesterol are the most unhealthy types of fat. Saturated fats and cholesterol are found in animal products. Trans fats are produced through hydrogenation and are found in products such as shortening, stick margarine and packaged snack foods. These unhealthy fats should be limited by diabetics. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are healthier types of fats. These are found in foods such as avocados, nuts, seeds, peanut butter and a variety of oils. Although these are healthier choices, they too should be consumed in moderation.
Weight Management
Weight management is a key strategy for diabetes treatment. According to an article published in the "Diabetes Care" journal, weight loss can help improve the action of insulin, decrease blood glucose levels and could eliminate the need for diabetes medications. Healthy weight loss and maintenance of a healthy body weight can be easily managed through regular exercise and consumption of a healthy diet. Following a generally healthy diet meeting the guidelines noted above and appropriate caloric levels can easily fit into a healthy and satisfying lifestyle. A registered dietitian can help set specific caloric goals and guidelines.
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