Patients with kidney disease, or renal failure, may be recommended to follow nutritional tips to manage their disease and prevents complications. There is no specific diet necessary for renal patients. If you are a renal patient, be aware of the important nutrients and their effect on your body. If your disease progresses, your diet may require changes. Consult a registered dietitian before making adjustments to your diet.
Nutrient Restrictions
Patients following a renal diet must maintain a balance of electrolytes and other nutrients in the body. According to MedlinePlus, this includes restricting potassium, calcium, phosphorous and sodium. Sodium is a naturally occurring mineral found in certain foods. The highest food sources of sodium include canned food products, processed meats and take-out foods. Many seasonings, condiments and salad dressings also provide high sources of sodium. Many processed foods can be replaced with fresh and unrefined food products that are naturally low in sodium. Calcium and phosphorus are two minerals that must also be carefully monitored by patients following a renal diet. Dairy foods such as cheese, milk, margarine, butter and yogurt provide sources of both calcium and phosphorus. Therefore, limit dairy products in your diet and make sure to check food labels. Potassium is another nutrient that must be restricted by patients suffering from renal failure. The mineral is found naturally in many fruits and vegetables such as citrus fruits, melons, asparagus, tomatoes and spinach. In order to control blood potassium levels, choose fruits and vegetables that contain lower levels of the mineral such as peaches, cherries, apples, broccoli, peppers and eggplant.
Protein Requirements
Renal patients require protein for building muscles, maintaining tissue and fighting off infections. Protein is found abundantly in animal food sources such as meats, poultry, fish, eggs and dairy products. Vegetables, grains, legumes and nuts also provide sources of protein. MedlinePlus recommends that patients on dialysis should consume 8 to 10 oz. of high-protein food sources daily. Your dietitian can help you determine the amount of protein you need daily.
Fluids
Fluids do not need to be limited during the early stages of chronic kidney disease, according to the National Kidney Foundation. However, if the disease progresses, you may need to limit fluid consumption. Control fluid intake by using smaller cups or glasses, avoiding salty-foods and limiting foods that contain high amounts of water such as soups, ice pops, fruits and vegetables.
Other Considerations
When shopping at the grocery store, read labels carefully and aim for food products that claim "low-sodium" or "sodium-free." Cooking with various herbs and spices can add flavor to many dishes without the addition of sodium or salt. Non-dairy products can replace dairy products used for cereals, sauces and beverages. Keep a food journal in order to record daily food and fluid intake. You can show your doctor or dietitian your regular food intake and they will be able to recommend accurate calorie needs and other nutritional tips based on your condition.
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