Hypoglycemia is characterized by abnormally low levels of blood glucose, and may be referred to as "low blood sugar." Hypoglycemia can occur suddenly or develop over a period of time, and can range from mild to severe. Although hypoglycemia is commonly associated with diabetes, a variety of other circumstances can lead to hypoglycemia.
Causes
Fasting for extended periods of time can cause mild hypoglycemia. If you don't eat, your body does not get enough glucose, and your blood sugar levels drop. Hypoglycemia causes in those without diabetes also include medications, alcohol abuse, tumors and endocrine disorders. Other chronic illnesses, such as hepatitis and kidney disease, can also cause hypoglycemia.
Symptoms
Every cell in your body needs glucose to function properly, so hypoglycemia can adversely affect all your body systems. The most common symptoms of hypoglycemia include hunger, nervousness, increased sweating, lightheadedness, weakness, confusion, difficulty speaking, fatigue and shakiness, according to the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. Severe hypoglycemia can also cause heart palpitations and, in rare circumstances, can lead to fainting and seizures.
Treatment
Hypoglycemia can usually be corrected by consuming sugary foods, such as candy, soda or honey. Your body will quickly break down the sugar into glucose that can be used for energy. If you have severe hypoglycemia and are unable to consume food orally, you may need intravenous administration of glucose or an injection of glucagon. This can correct the symptoms associated with hypoglycemia, but will not treat the underlying condition. To prevent hypoglycemia from occurring repeatedly, seek specific treatment for the cause the condition. If hypoglycemia is caused by medication, the dosage or brand may need adjustment. If a tumor is the cause of hypoglycemia, surgical removal may be necessary.
Prevention
If you have an underlying medical condition, you may not be able to prevent hypoglycemia from occurring. Hypoglycemia caused by a lack of food can be easily prevented, however, by eating every couple hours. Eat small meals regularly throughout the day to keep your blood sugar steady and avoid rapid decreases in blood sugar levels. If you are prone to hypoglycemia, it may be beneficial to keep hard candy or soda with you and readily available at all times. Consult your doctor about further treatment for hypoglycemia.
