Nicotinic Acid Benefits

Nicotinic acid, also known as niacin or vitamin B3, is a component of the water-soluble B complex vitamins that play a crucial role in various metabolic processes in the body. Foods such as yeast, dairy products, meat, fish, beans, green vegetables and cereals are good sources of vitamin B3. Synthetic supplements of nicotinic acid are also available and are generally well tolerated, although a flushing reaction leading to redness, burning and itching of the face, arms and chest may occur. Nicotinic acid may have immense health benefits, but always consult a physician before taking nicotinic acid supplements.

Cardiovascular Health

High doses of niacin, according to MedlinePlus, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an effective treatment for lowering cholesterol. Only doses of more than 500 mg can reduce the levels of LDL, or bad cholesterol, and increase HDL, or good cholesterol levels. High doses of niacin can, however, lead to severe flushing reactions and liver damage and are only available by prescription. The nonprescription supplements available at local pharmacies and health food stores come in a lower dosage, which is not useful for lowering cholesterol.

Alzheimer's Disease

Some animal studies, such as one published in the November 2008 issue of the "Journal of Neuroscience," have revealed that vitamin B3 supplements in high doses can help reverse the memory loss associated with Alzheimer's disease. The increased cognition is due to the ability of vitamin B3 to lower the levels of a protein called phosphorylated tau that causes the brain lesions in Alzheimer's patients. As mentioned, high doses of niacin -- as well as of many other vitamin supplements -- can lead to severe side effects and should be used only under the supervision of a doctor.

Immunity

Neutrophils are immune cells that are part of the first response against invading pathogens. A study published by "Nature Medicine" in February 2009 reported that nicotinic acid can help increase the levels of neutrophils in the blood, as it is part of the molecular pathway that leads to neutrophil production. Nicotinic acid supplementation may therefore be beneficial to patients who suffer from low neutrophil counts, or neutropenia.

Multiple Sclerosis

Studies conducted by researchers at Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital found that vitamin B3 helped treat mice who suffer from a condition similar to multiple sclerosis (MS), in which immune cells attack their nerve cells. The researchers claimed that unlike most MS drugs, vitamin B3 may work by strengthening the nerves instead of suppressing the immune system. It is not known, however, whether vitamin B3 can adequately substitute for existing MS medications, and it is best to talk to a doctor before taking this or any other supplement.

Diabetes

According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, vitamin B3 may help protect pancreatic cells from the onslaught of the immune system, thereby helping to increase insulin production in type 1 diabetes patients. Vitamin B3 may also help lower cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetes patients. Nicotinic acid may increase sugar levels in some patients, however, and should be taken only after consulting a physician.

Acne

In a July 2009 article published on the online Huffington Post, Dr. Mark Hayman recommends vitamin B3-rich topical creams to reduce inflammation and to treat acne.