Sudden breathing problems can be extremely serious or even fatal. There are a number of possible causes for a sudden inability to breathe, as well as a corresponding number of first-aid measures and long-term treatments. Consult your doctor with any concerns about breathing problems -- general information should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice.
Choking
Choking on food is one possible cause of a sudden inability to breathe. When a person is choking, a solid piece of food may block the airways to his lungs. This stops the person from being able to inhale or exhale until the food is removed. According to an article by Drs. M.J. Feinberg and O. Ekberg of the Albert Einstein Medical Center in Philadelphia and published in the September 1990 issue of the journal "Radiology," airway obstruction during eating is a relatively common occurrence. However, it may be damaging or fatal if not addressed promptly. If a person is choking, the inability to breathe can be relieved using the Heimlich maneuver, intubation or suctioning.
Allergic Reaction
A severe allergic reaction -- for example, to shellfish, nuts or another substance -- may lead to swelling of the throat, which can lead to the sudden inability to breathe. Allergic reactions may lead to anaphylactic shock, which is potentially life-threatening. Anaphylactic shock may also occur if an allergic individual is stung by a bee. With a known allergy, the person may carry an Epipen, containing epinephrine, which can relieve the symptoms associated with an allergic reaction. For any allergic reaction in which a person cannot breathe, seek emergency medical help.
Asthma
Asthma is a relatively common breathing disorder, with symptoms that can range from mild to life-threatening. A person with asthma typically experiences some degree of inflammation in his airways, leading to coughing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheezing or even a complete inability to breathe. For some people, exposure to a specific allergen -- for example, pet hair, dust, pollen or mold -- may trigger an attack, which limits breathing ability. Asthma is typically controlled with steroid inhalers or emergency measures.
Heart Problems
Problems with your heart may cause a sudden inability to breathe. According to a multicenter medical study carried out in Germany in 2007, patients with heart failure are much more likely to stop breathing during the night. This study, sponsored by the German Sleep Society and conducted by Richard Schulz, followed 203 patients, and found that 71 percent stopped breathing at least 10 times per hour while sleeping. Sudden difficulty in breathing may be a sign of a heart attack, heart disease or heart failure -- seek emergency medical help immediately.
