Foul shooting can be one of the simplest yet most vexing aspects of the game of basketball. Also known as free throws, these shots can be overlooked in lieu of complex offensive or defensive strategies, but they often play a pivotal factor in determining the outcome of a game. Despite its basic appearance, foul shooting incorporates a number of physical and mental elements.
The Facts
You can be awarded foul shots in a basketball game for a number of reasons. Getting fouled while attempting a shot will result in a number of free throws equal to the value of the shot attempt. A foul committed by a team that has exceeded a certain number of fouls within a half will lead to free throws. Other rarer circumstances, such as the not necessarily physical "technical foul" can also result in foul shots.
The Rules
All foul shots are taken from behind a stripe on the basketball court called the free-throw line located 15 feet from the backboard. You have 10 seconds to get the shot off, or you lose the right to shoot. Three players -- alternating by team, with the non-shooting squad getting two of the three players -- line each side of the lane perpendicular to the free-throw line, looking to rebound a potential missed shot.
The Routine
In shooting free throws, perhaps the most important thing to do is develop a consistent routine. This can mean anything from always dribbling the ball the same number of times before you shoot, to mentally reciting the same phrase or inspirational message. Having a steady routine contributes to developing "muscle memory," the phenomenon that allows your body to recall actions like shooting a basketball from the same distance over and over again.
Considerations
While arguably the most important aspect of being a good foul shooter is maintaining a consistent routine and steady form, you will also have to deal with certain other elements at play. Because they often occur in critical late-game moments, good free throw shooters must have good mental fortitude. Additionally, the isolated nature of the shooter makes free-throws an opportune moment for opposing fans to unleash their heckling skills.
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