Eggs in general, and egg yolks in particular, are nutritionally controversial. If you don't eat meat, an egg may provide you with an excellent source of protein in your regular diet. However, the relatively high cholesterol content of egg yolks may lead you to limit your egg intake, or consider substituting egg whites for whole eggs.
Nutrient Values
The USDA nutrient database indicates that a single large raw egg yolk weighing 17 g contains 55 calories, 2.7 g of protein, 0.6 g of carbohydrates and 4.5 g of total fat. An egg yolk is therefore relatively high in protein and calorie content, very low in carbohydrates and moderately high in fat. By contrast, a 33 g raw egg white contains 17 calories, 3.6 g of protein, 0.2 g of carbohydrates and a negligible amount of fat.
Cholesterol
A large egg yolk contains 184 mg of cholesterol. This is relatively high; MayoClinic.com recommends a daily cholesterol intake of under 300 mg for a healthy adult. If you have diabetes, a high LDL cholesterol level or cardiovascular disease, the recommended daily cholesterol limit is only 200 mg.
Other Nutrients
Egg yolk contains vitamins A, D, E and K -- there are very few foods, other than egg yolk, which naturally contain vitamin D. A raw large egg yolk also contains 22 mg of calcium, 1 mg of iron, 66 mg of phosphorous, 19 mg of potassium, 9 mg of sodium, 8.5 mcg of selenium and traces of manganese, copper and zinc. The egg yolk is relatively rich in vitamins and minerals because it functions to supply nutrition for a chick in the egg.
Considerations
The high cholesterol content of egg yolks is a nutritional concern, especially if you have a health condition which requires you to limit your cholesterol intake. However, an egg yolk has many positive nutritional properties -- it is a rich source of protein, vitamins and minerals. For most people, eating egg yolks or whole eggs in moderation can be part of a balanced diet. Substituting egg whites for egg yolks is an option if you wish to reduce cholesterol and fat intake.
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