Enjoying a tandem bicycle ride requires not only that you learn new bike-riding techniques, but that you familiarize yourself with some specialized terminology. While most people think of a tandem bike as a "bicycle built for two," tandems can hold multiple riders as well. The terms "triplet," "quad" and "quint" refer to tandem bicycles which can accommodate three, four and five riders. Some tandem bicycles are also recumbent, meaning that the seats are shaped so that riders sit is a semi-reclining position.
Captain
The lead rider of a tandem is called the captain, or sometimes the steersman or pilot. The captain typically sits in the front seat, and has the responsibility of safely steering the bike, and communicating information about slowing, stopping or turning to the person behind him. Since the captain has the best view, he makes all judgments about when and where the bicycle moves. By necessity, the captain should be the most skilled of the two riders. A certain amount of upper body strength is also required by the captain to hold the bike steady as the two riders mount and dismount the tandem.
Stoker
The rear rider of a tandem is referred to as the stoker, and is sometimes called the tail gunner, navigator or rear admiral. The stoker is an active participant on a tandem bicycle ride. The person sitting at the rear of a tandem requires strength and endurance to help power the bike up hills. For safety's sake, stokers must follow all directions of the captain and stay centered on the bicycle. A stoker who tries to steer independently or makes unexpected moves can cause the tandem to topple.
In-Phase Tandems
Most tandem bicycles are "in-phase," meaning that the the captain's pedals -- also called "cranks" -- are in sync with those of the stoker. This means that the two riders pedal in unison and that pumping to propel the bicycle is easier. An in-phase configuration also makes the tandem easier to handle at a slow pace. The main disadvantage of in-phase tandems is that when riders are climbing a hill they can lose momentum and stall when both their cranks are upright with no pressure being applied to the pedals.
Out-of-Phase Tandems
The "out-of-phase" set-up, in which the tandem riders' cranks are not in sync, is less common but has the advantage of supplying a steady source of power to the wheels. Such a configuration requires more skill and communication on the part of the riders, particularly when they are making turns, according to the Bicycles and Bikes website.
Alternative Tandems
Alternative tandems, sometimes called "buddy" bikes, are designed so that the person in the rear does the steering, while the second rider can enjoy the view from the front. Such tandems are useful for adult/child pairs, and also provide an opportunity for people with special needs to enjoy a bicycle ride with a capable partner.
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