Cholesterol is a fatty substance in the body that is important for some bodily functions, such as the production of hormones. But cholesterol levels can become too high, increasing the risk of heart disease.
Sources
Cholesterol is produced in the body, but it can also be ingested through animal products. Eating saturated fats and trans fats can also increase the amount of cholesterol in the blood.
Types
Cholesterol is carried throughout the bloodstream by two lipoproteins, LDL and HDL. LDL is considered "bad" cholesterol because it carries cholesterol to the cells. HDL is considered "good" cholesterol because it carries cholesterol away from the cells so that it can be excreted from the body.
Desirable Levels
Keeping total cholesterol below 200 mg/DL with LDL below 100 mg/DL and HD above 60 mg/DL is desirable, according to the National Institutes of Health.
Symptoms
There are no symptoms of high cholesterol, so regular blood tests are suggested, especially for those who have high risk factors such as family history of high cholesterol or smoking. According to the American Heart Association, if high cholesterol goes undetected, it can lead to a buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can increase the risk of a heart attack or stroke.
Treatment
While there are medicines for high cholesterol, it is also affected by many lifestyle changes. The Mayo Clinic suggests regular exercise, diet modifications, weight loss and the cessation of smoking for those with high cholesterol.
