Contraceptives come in many forms and are used to prevent pregnancy. Learning the different types will help both men and women make informed choices with their reproductive health.
Female Sterilization
A tubal ligation involves tying, cauterizing or removing the ends of the fallopian tubes to prevent the egg from fertilizing with the sperm. A hysterectomy is where the ovaries and uterus are removed from the body completely.
Male Sterilization
Male sterilization is referred to as a vasectomy. A portion of the vas deferens is snipped so that sperm does not exit the body in an ejaculation.
Barrier Methods
Barrier methods include a male and female condom, diaphragm, cervical cap and the sponge. The condom prevents sperm from being released into the woman. The diaphragm, cervical cap and sponge prevent sperm from getting past the cervix to fertilize the egg.
Hormonal
Hormonal and non-hormonal alternatives include birth control pills, a birth control patch, a vaginal ring or an injection of either Lunelle or Depo-Provera. Both methods either prevent the egg from releasing or by changing the lining of the uterus or cervix to prevent the sperm from reaching the egg. Progesterone-only methods include Depo Provera, Implanon, Mirena IUD and the mini-pill.
Abstinence
Abstinence involves not having sexual intercourse all together. This is common with people who do not wish to risk getting a sexually transmitted disease or facing an unwanted pregnancy.
