Maintenance of bike brakes is necessary to ensure the bike can be slowed and stopped effectively. Bicycle brakes are not complicated in terms of design or operation. Typical maintenance routines consist of frequent inspections and periodic tuning of the brakes. Caliper brakes, disc brakes and drum brakes comprise the majority of braking systems found on production bicycles.
Inspections
Inspecting bike brakes is part of a conscientious maintenance routine that takes only minutes. Manipulating components by hand discloses any need to tighten attachment bolts. Close inspection of brake cables for signs of wear can avoid a potential problem when the brakes are applied with full force. Lifting a wheel off the ground and rotating it by hand can disclose the need to align or address a bent rim that might diminish the performance of caliper or disc brakes.
Caliper
Caliper brakes attach to the bicycle frame above the front and rear wheels. Hand levers retract a cable, which compresses the caliper arms and forces brake pads against the sides of the wheel rim. Light maintenance consists of cleaning the wheel rims and brake pads to avoid squeaky or diminished performance. Periodic adjustment of the cable tension and brake pad clearances at the wheel rims promotes full-force, even braking on demand. Regular lubrication prolongs the life of cables and ensures smooth operation of the caliper mechanism.
Disc
Disc brakes operate by cables that attach between a hand lever and the mechanical or hydraulic disc brake caliper. Applying the brakes forces brake pads within the calipers against rotor discs mounted on front and rear wheel hubs. Periodic maintenance consists of cable adjustments, cable lubrication and cleaning the disc rotors with a nonresidue cleaner. Typically, noisy disc brakes signify the need to remove the calipers and inspect the brake pads.
Coaster and Drum
Coaster brakes, also known as drum brakes, generally require less maintenance than other types. The rear brakes are located within the rear wheel hub and operate by applying reverse pressure on the bicycle pedals. Periodic maintenance consists of cleaning the internal components and lubricating with high-heat grease. Front drum brakes located in the front wheel hub operate by a hand lever and brake cable. In addition to cleaning and lubrication, maintenance includes proper adjustment of the brake cable tension.
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