Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is necessary for DNA synthesis, red blood cell production and maintenance of healthy nerve cells. Vitamin B12 is naturally found in animal foods such as milk, dairy products, eggs, meat and fish. B12 is also found in fortified breakfast cereals. Strict vegetarians and patients who have stomach and intestine disorders are at high risk for B12 deficiency. A lack of B12 leads to several problems.
Neurological and Psychiatric Problems
Vitamin B12 is important for maintaining a healthy central nervous system. Low levels of B12 lead to neurological and psychiatric symptoms, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Patients with low B12 levels may experience problems walking, muscle weakness, numbness and tingling, mood changes, confusion, anxiety, depression, memory loss and dementia. B12 neurological symptoms can be reversed if treated early enough with vitamin B12 shots. Lack of treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency may lead to permanent nerve damage.
Anemia
Vitamin B12 is involved in the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow, according to Drugs.com. Low levels of B12 affect DNA synthesis of red blood cells and leads to the production of large abnormal red blood cells that are not capable of storing hemoglobin. Patients with anemia caused by B12 deficiency experience symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, pale skin, loss of appetite, chest pain, coldness in hands and feet, headache and dizziness.
Excess Fatigue
Vitamin B12 is necessary for the conversion of consumed foods into energy that can be utilized by the body, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. B12 and other B-complex vitamins help convert carbohydrates, proteins and fat into glucose. Glucose is the main source of energy for the brain and the rest of the body. Lack of B12 and other B vitamins leads to excess fatigue. Patients with low energy levels should be evaluated for B12 and other B vitamin deficiencies.
Member Comments