IBS, or irritable bowel syndrome, is an intestinal condition characterized by abdominal cramps, abdominal bloating, pain and alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhea. Although irritable bowel syndrome can be extremely unpleasant, it does not cause any permanent damage to the intestines, like other digestive disorders. A variety of medications are available for treating the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.
Fiber Supplements
Fiber supplements, also referred to as bulk-forming laxatives, may help those with irritable bowel syndrome characterized by constipation. Fiber supplements work by pulling excess amounts of water into the gastrointestinal tract in order to bulk up the stool and make it easier to pass. When taking fiber supplements, it is also important to increase your intake of water. Fiber supplements are available over-the-counter and are generally considered safe for long-term use.
Laxatives
Laxatives may be recommended for the relief of constipation as well. Laxatives work by stimulating the muscle contractions of the intestines and propelling stool forward. While laxatives may provide relief from constipation, they are not considered safe for long-term use. The overuse of laxatives can cause a condition called lazy bowel syndrome, which is characterized by intestinal muscles that are physically unable to contract. Laxatives are available over-the-counter and in prescription-strength.
Anti-diarrhea Medicine
Anti-diarrhea medicine is available in prescription-strength or over-the-counter. Anti-diarrheals are used to stop diarrhea and are usually taken immediately following a bout of diarrhea, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Such medicine has the potential to cause a variety of different side effects, including dry mouth, dizziness, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and drowsiness. Overuse of anti-diarrheals can also worsen symptoms of constipation.
Anticholinergics
The autonomic nervous system, or ANS, is a branch of the central nervous system that controls the movement of your stomach and intestines. It is believed that abnormalities in the autonomic nervous system cause irregular intestinal movements that are responsible for the diarrhea that many people experience with irritable bowel syndrome. Anticholinergics medications block certain actions of the autonomic nervous system and help relieve abnormal intestinal muscle contractions. MayoClinic.com notes that this class of medication can help relieve diarrhea, although it may make constipation worse.
Antidepressants
Like anticholinergics, antidepressants can inhibit the transmission of certain nerve signals that control the movement of the intestine. Because of this, some people with irritable bowel syndrome are prescribed antidepressants to help relieve diarrhea. Also like anticholinergics, antidepressants can worsen constipation.
