Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the U.S., with an estimated 40 million adults age 18 and over affected in a given year, reports the National Institute of Mental Health. Those suffering from anxiety disorders are three to five times more likely to go to the doctor and more likely to be hospitalized than non-sufferers. Several different types of drugs are used to treat anxiety, and most of these drugs come with some side effects, including weight loss and weight gain.
Anxiety Disorders
The following disorders fall under the umbrella of anxiety disorders: panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social phobia, specific individual phobias and generalized anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders last at least six months and can get worse if they are not treated. They are usually treated by psychotherapy, medication and lifestyle changes. Medication does not cure the underlying cause and generally is not a long-term solution.
Types of Medications
There are four different types of medication used to treat anxiety: SSRI's, or selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, in the antidepressant family; tricyclic antidepressants, older and lesser-used antidepressants; benzodiazapines, used briefly because of their addiction potential; and betablockers, used primarily with people with cardiovascular symptoms such as palpitations and rapid heart rate. It is best to avoid alcohol and marijuana with prescribed medications due to their increased effect. Opiod analgesics such as codeine should be used cautiously, as should caffeine, nicotine and some decongestants.
Weight Loss and Weight Gain
The most likely drugs to induce weight loss are the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors such as Prozac, Zoloft and Luvox. Two of their side effects are loss of appetite and weight loss. However, in some individuals this effect is temporary, and later on people report weight gain. One of the side effects of tricyclic antidepressants such as Tofranil and Nortab is weight gain. No weight loss or weight gain side effects are reported for benzodiazapines such as Xanax and Klonopin, or betablockers such as Inderal and Tenormin. Both classes can cause stomach upset, which could possibly indirectly lead to some weight loss.
Other Considerations
If weight loss or weight gain is a consideration for you, there are other alternatives besides medication. Most anti-anxiety drugs have side effects other than weight issues that some people might find intolerable. To overcome anxiety in the long-term, you will need to institute lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, adequate sleep and a healthy diet. Other treatments for anxiety include psychotherapy, especially cognitive-behavioral therapy, meditation, acupuncture and hypnosis.
