Diabetes is a condition characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood. Type 2 diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs when your cells do not respond correctly to insulin, a hormone produced in your pancreas. To manage your diabetes properly, it is important to monitor your blood sugar regularly and follow a treatment plan and diet that can help control blood sugar levels.
Monitoring Blood Sugar
Monitoring your blood sugar properly is a vital component of managing and treating your type 2 diabetes. Blood sugar is usually tested through a small prick in the finger and the use of a digital blood glucose device. Regularly checking your blood sugar level can help you make decisions about the types and amounts of food you should eat as well as whether you should exercise.
Healthy Eating
Carbohydrates have the most significant effect on your blood sugar levels. Because of this, diabetics should closely monitor their carbohydrate intake. Make sure to eat at regular times throughout the day and control your portion sizes. Consuming excess amounts of carbohydrates can lead to a significant increase in blood sugar levels, whereas a prolonged period of time without carbohydrates can lead to decreased blood sugar. The goal for a diabetic diet is to eat just enough to keep your blood sugar within normal ranges.
It is also important to choose the right types of carbohydrates. Different carbohydrates move through your digestive system at different rates. White bread, white rice and white potatoes move through your digestive system quickly and have a more dramatic effect on blood sugar then whole grains and fiber-rich foods. Most of the carbohydrates you eat should come from whole grains, fruit, vegetables and low-fat dairy products. Specific recommendations vary based on the individual case, so it is important to work with a dietitian to determine the right diet for you.
Physical Activity
Exercise lowers your blood sugar level. Because of this, physical activity can be useful for quickly lowering your blood sugar if your levels are too high and a good way to manage your blood sugar levels. On the other hand, exercise can also dramatically decrease your blood sugar levels if you do not have enough glucose in your blood. You should talk to your doctor about the best exercise routine for you.
Medications
Many people with type 2 diabetes can successfully manage their condition with the proper monitoring, diet and exercise. Some people, however, need medications to control their blood sugar levels. Metformin is a commonly prescribed type 2 diabetes medication that decreases the production of glucose in the liver. Other medications can help stimulate the production of insulin in the pancreas or block the action of enzymes that increase your sensitivity to insulin. Some people with type 2 diabetes may require insulin injections as well. Medications are often used to reap the best benefits.
