Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a popular form of medication that is prescribed to treat the symptoms of depression. The Mayo Clinic points out that SSRIs may be made with different ingredients, but most work in the same manner. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, or chemical in the brain that affects mood and behavior. SSRIs prevent the reabsorption of serotonin by certain nerve cells in the brain. This form of treatment can lead to major side effects in some users.
Serotonin Syndrome
In very few cases, users may experience a potentially life-threatening side effect of SSRIs called serotonin syndrome. Serotonin syndrome is the result of high levels of serotonin in the brain, which occurs when an SSRI interacts with other antidepressants like monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). The combination of these two medications should be avoided, the Mayo Clinic advises. Symptoms of the syndrome include confusion, restlessness, hallucinations, extreme agitation, blood pressure irregularities, nausea, vomiting, fever, seizures and/or coma, the Mayo Clinic explains.
Worsening of Symptoms
Some individuals may report an increase in depression when using an SSRI. Users may experience suicidal thoughts or behavior if they are between the ages of 18 and 24, according to the Mayo Clinic. These side effects may occur within the first month or two of treatment, but can occur at any time. Other depression symptoms that may increase with SSRI treatment include irritability, sadness and/or anger.
Other Side Effects
Other, more-serious side effects of an SSRI may include sexual dysfunction including inability to achieve or maintain an erection, decreased libido and inability to achieve an orgasm.
Missing a dose or discontinuing an SSRI may lead to signs of withdrawal. The Mayo Clinic reports effects such as nausea, headache, dizziness, lethargy and flu-like symptoms. This is sometimes referred to as discontinuation syndrome. Gradual cessation of an SSRI will reduce the likelihood of the withdrawal symptoms, the Mayo Clinic reports.
Using an SSRI during pregnancy or breastfeeding has been shown to cause some major side effects including birth defects, increased risk of pulmonary hypertension in the mother and a lung defect in the newborn, according to the Mayo Clinic. Some brands of SSRIs are recommended more than others during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
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