Bunions are bony bumps that grow on the base joint of your big toe, causing your big toe to enlarge and push against your other toes. Bunions are painful and have several different causes, and certain things can make them worse. Talk with your doctor about the proper diagnosis and treatment of bunions, as well as the self-care practices that can help reduce your pain.
Identification
Bunions most commonly occur due to wearing shoes that fit too tightly, a genetic defect relating to your toes or feet, arthritis, or stress on your foot. A bunion can also occur due to a foot injuries or working at a job that requires you to remain on your feet for long periods while wearing pointed shoes or shoes that don't fit well. People with flat feet and certain other foot shapes are also more prone to bunions. As the bony growth on your big toe grows, your big toe turns inward toward the second toe. In some cases, bunions occur on the little toe, a condition that's called a tailor's bunion or bunionette.
Considerations
Several things can make a bunion worse or increase your pain from it. Wearing shoes that are too tight or are pointed and narrowed at the toes can worsen your bunions. Wearing high-heeled shoes can do the same. If you roll your foot inward too much when you walk, this can worsen your bunions as well. Most people have a slight or moderate amount of pronation when they walk, but too much pronation can aggravate bunions. Additionally, performing activities that place large amounts of or prolonged pressure on your feet and big toe can make your bunions worse.
Treatments
The most common treatments for bunions is taking medications to relieve the pain and inflammation associated with bunions, as well as wearing orthotic shoes or cushioning shoe inserts. You also can undergo surgery to remove the bony lump or cut into your toe bone and realigns the joint. Cortisone injections and physical therapy or ultrasound therapy are also treatment options. Padding and taping your affected toe can help keep it in the correct position and ease the stress on the bunion to relieve your pain.
Tips
Wear comfortable shoes that allow plenty of room for your toes and that don't have a heel higher than 2 1/2 inches, MayoClinic.com advises. You can also apply an ice pack to the affected foot area two or three times each day if the bunion is inflamed and painful.
