Alpha lipoic acid, or ALA and also called lipoic acid or thioctic acid, is a fatty acid derivative synthesized by your body. ALA is a potent antioxidant that functions in both water and fat throughout the body. Several processes in the mitochondria, the powerhouse of cells, require ALA as a cofactor. Supplementation of 600 to 800 milligrams of ALA per day has been shown to improve diabetic neuropathy, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center, or UMMC.
ALA in the Body
ALA is synthesized by the body from fatty acids in order to function as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions in the mitochondria. These reaction are important for the metabolism of fatty acids and protein. Since ALA is both fat- and water-soluble, it is able to have effects throughout the body. It is also important to note that ALA is different than the omega-3 fatty acids alpha linoleic acid, commonly abbreviated identically, according to the Linus Pauling Institute.
Antioxidant Activity
Antioxidants counteract damage to proteins and other cellular components. ALA itself is a powerful antioxidant and increases the body's regeneration of glutathione, a major antioxidant in your cells. Damage from excessive amounts of metals such as copper and iron may be prevented by ALA stimulating their removal.
Effect on Blood Sugar
When a cell senses insulin, it moves glucose transporters to the cell surface to intake glucose, the most common sugar in the body. ALA supplementation increases the amount of glucose transporters moved in response to insulin. This may improve insulin sensitivity in diabetics. ALA increases glucose uptake in both muscle and fat tissue, notes the Linus Pauling Institute.
Supplementation
Supplementation only increases the amount of ALA in the body for a short period. Concentrations peak at about one hour and decline rapidly. Consider taking a time-release supplement to gain more consistent benefit from ALA.
ALA is better absorbed when taken on an empty stomach. Dosage should be 50 milligrams per day for general antioxidant support and 600 to 1000 mg for diabetics or those hoping to take advantage of glucose utilization effects, according to the UMMC.
Caution
Due to the increase in glucose utilization, ALA may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with insulin or other diabetic medication. ALA may also interfere with the absorption of biotin when taken in large doses. Allergic reactions are rare but possible. Consult with you doctor before taking ALA.
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