Sexual dysfunction affects nearly 43 percent of American women, according to a 1999 survey by the American Medical Association. Advancing age may be one physical cause; however, age does not seem to be a significant factor, as women under 20 and over 50 experience sexual dysfunction. Declining hormone production, especially after menopause, has been associated with a lack of sexual pleasure. Testosterone and products that contain arginine and menthol may be used to treat a woman's sexual dysfunction. Talk to your health-care provider for more information on sexual dysfunction.
Theories of Sexual Dysfunction
Three theories prevail regarding the causes of women's dysfunction. The vascular theory proposes that decreased blood flow to the pelvic region causes reduced sensitivity, dryness and reduced arousal. Medical conditions such as diabetes, changes due to aging, and stress may cause a decrease in vascular blood flow. The hormone theory proposes that decreased levels of estrogen and testosterone lower sexual desire and response. Menopause and hysterectomy cause hormone levels to drop as well as advancing age. The third theory of women's sexual dysfunction involves dissatisfaction or inadequate stimulation. Poor communication between partners may cause arousal problems and lead to a lack of interest in or an aversion to sex.
Testosterone
The hormone testosterone has been found to be an effective remedy for sexual dysfunction in some women. Testosterone is available in pill, gel, patch and cream forms. The Food and Drug Administration has not approved testosterone for use in women, so when a doctor prescribes testosterone to promote sexual satisfaction, it is an off-label use. Testosterone therapy can boost sex drive. This hormone is only prescribed for women with sufficient estrogen levels and not for postmenopausal women who do not take estrogen. Testosterone is not recommended for women with a history of breast or uterine cancer, cardiovascular or liver disease. The long-term effects of testosterone therapy are unknown.
Topical Preparations
Topical preparations to improve the problems of sexual dysfunction were introduced in the 1990s. Patented formulas developed by gynecologists are available without a prescription. The products increase genital blood flow, enhancing sexual arousal.
Arginine
The active amino acid ingredient in some topical preparations is L-arginine. L-arginine converts to nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels and allows for increased blood flow.
Menthol
Menthol is also added to these topical products to enhance the absorption of L-arginine, allowing for long-term dilation of blood vessels. Menthol also causes a reflex vaginal lubrication.
